JarCastingIDNA-UTS #46 in JavaScript
This module is a IDNA UTS46 connector library for javascript. This is a maintained fork of the idna-uts46 library originally written by jcranmer.
The JS Punycode converter library is a great tool for handling Unicode domain names, but it only implements the Punycode encoding of domain labels, not the full IDNA algorithm. In simple cases, a mere conversion to lowercase text before input would seem sufficient, but the real mapping for strings is far more complex. This library implements the full mapping for these strings, as defined by UTS #46.
Resources
How to use this module in your project
Requirements
- Installed nodejs/npm, if you plan running it on webserver-side. We suggest using nvm.
NodeJS Version Compatibility
| Version | NodeJS |
|---|---|
| >= 3.2.2 | >= 9.x |
| >= 3.1.0 | >= 6.x |
| <= 3.0.0 | >= 4.x |
Installation / Update
npm i idna-uts46-hx@latest --save
Usage Examples
We provide only documentation and examples for the latest release.
IDNA mess for dummies
Unfortunately, the situation of internationalized domain names is rather complicated by the existence of multiple incompatible standards (IDNA2003 and IDNA2008, predominantly). While UTS #46 tries to bridge the incompatibility, there are four characters which cannot be so bridged: ß (the German sharp s), ς (Greek final sigma), and the ZWJ and ZWNJ characters. These are handled differently depending on the mode; in transitional mode, these strings are mapped to different ones, preserving capability with IDNA2003; in nontransitional mode, these strings are mapped to themselves, in accordance with IDNA2008.
Presently, this library uses transitional mode, compatible with all known browser implementations at this point. It is expected that, in the future, this will be changed to nontransitional mode.
It is highly recommended that you use the ASCII form of the label for storing or comparing strings.
API
uts46.toAscii(domain, options={transitional: false, useStd3ASCII: false, verifyDnsLength: false })
Converts a domain name to the correct ASCII label. The second parameter is an optional options parameter, which has two configurable options. The transitional option controls whether or not transitional processing (see the IDNA mess for dummies section for more details) is requested, defaulting to false. The useStd3ASCII option controls whether or not characters that are illegal in domain names per the DNS specification should be omitted. The verifyDnsLength option controls whether or not the resulting DNS label should be checked for length validity (i.e., no empty components and not too long). The options parameter and its associated fields are all optional and should be omitted for most users.
/* eslint-disable */
uts46.toAscii('öbb.at') // 'xn-bb-eka.at'
uts46.toAscii('ÖBB.AT') // 'xn-bb-eka.at'
uts46.toAscii('XN-BB-EKA.AT') // 'xn-bb-eka.at'
uts46.toAscii('faß.de') // 'fass.de'
uts46.toAscii('faß.de', { transitional: true }) // 'fass.de'
uts46.toAscii('faß.de', { transitional: false }) // 'xn--fa-hia.de'
uts46.toAscii('xn--fa-hia.de', { transitional: false }) // 'xn--fa-hia.de'
uts46.toAscii(String.fromCodePoint(0xd0000)) // Error (as it is unassigned)
uts46.toUnicode(domain, options={useStd3ASCII: false})
Converts a domain name to a normalized Unicode label. The second parameter is an optional options parameter. The useStd3ASCII option controls whether or not characters that are illegal in domain names per the DNS specification should be omitted. The latter parameter is optional and should be omitted for most users.
/* eslint-disable */
uts46.toUnicode('xn-bb-eka.at') // 'öbb.at'
uts46.toUnicode('ÖBB.AT') // 'öbb.at'
uts46.toUnicode('O\u0308BB.AT') // 'öbb.at'
uts46.toUnicode('faß.de') // 'faß.de'
uts46.toUnicode('xn--fa-hia.de') // 'faß.de'
uts46.toUnicode('﷼') // "ریال"
uts46.toUnicode(String.fromCodePoint(0xd0000)) // Error (as it is unassigned)
uts46.convert(domain)
Converts a domain name in correct way. Returning IDNA2003 / IDNA2008 strings where it makes sense as this is dependent on the domain extension / TLD.
/* eslint-disable */
uts46.convert('xn-bb-eka.at') // { IDN: 'öbb.at', PC: 'xn-bb-eka.at' }
uts46.convert(['öbb.at', 'xn--fa-hia.de']) // { IDN: ['öbb.at', 'faß.de'], PC: ['xn-bb-eka.at', 'xn--fa-hia.de'] }
Using it in-browser
Use file uts46bundle.js as JavaScript include. The Tool will then be available as ispapiIdnconverter object in Javascript.
Known issues
It also does not try to implement the Bidi and contextual rules for validation: these do not affect any mapping of the domain names; instead, they restrict the set of valid domain names. Since registrars shouldn't be accepting these names in the first place, a domain that violates these rules will simply fail to resolve.
Contributing
Please read our development guide for details on our code of conduct, and the process for submitting pull requests to us.
Authors
NOTE: As mentioned, initial work done by jcranmer.
- Kai Schwarz - lead development - PapaKai
See also the list of contributors who participated in this project.
License
MIT
