JarCastingquery-string
Parse and stringify URL query strings
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Install
$ npm install query-string
This module targets Node.js 6 or later and the latest version of Chrome, Firefox, and Safari. If you want support for older browsers, or, if your project is using create-react-app v1, use version 5: npm install query-string@5.
Usage
const queryString = require('query-string');
console.log(location.search);
//=> '?foo=bar'
const parsed = queryString.parse(location.search);
console.log(parsed);
//=> {foo: 'bar'}
console.log(location.hash);
//=> '#token=bada55cafe'
const parsedHash = queryString.parse(location.hash);
console.log(parsedHash);
//=> {token: 'bada55cafe'}
parsed.foo = 'unicorn';
parsed.ilike = 'pizza';
const stringified = queryString.stringify(parsed);
//=> 'foo=unicorn&ilike=pizza'
location.search = stringified;
// note that `location.search` automatically prepends a question mark
console.log(location.search);
//=> '?foo=unicorn&ilike=pizza'
API
.parse(string, options?)
Parse a query string into an object. Leading ? or # are ignored, so you can pass location.search or location.hash directly.
The returned object is created with Object.create(null) and thus does not have a prototype.
options
Type: object
decode
Type: boolean
Default: true
Decode the keys and values. URL components are decoded with decode-uri-component.
arrayFormat
Type: string
Default: 'none'
'bracket': Parse arrays with bracket representation:
const queryString = require('query-string');
queryString.parse('foo[]=1&foo[]=2&foo[]=3', {arrayFormat: 'bracket'});
//=> {foo: ['1', '2', '3']}
'index': Parse arrays with index representation:
const queryString = require('query-string');
queryString.parse('foo[0]=1&foo[1]=2&foo[3]=3', {arrayFormat: 'index'});
//=> {foo: ['1', '2', '3']}
'comma': Parse arrays with elements separated by comma:
const queryString = require('query-string');
queryString.parse('foo=1,2,3', {arrayFormat: 'comma'});
//=> {foo: ['1', '2', '3']}
'separator': Parse arrays with elements separated by a custom character:
const queryString = require('query-string');
queryString.parse('foo=1|2|3', {arrayFormat: 'separator', arrayFormatSeparator: '|'});
//=> {foo: ['1', '2', '3']}
'bracket-separator': Parse arrays (that are explicitly marked with brackets) with elements separated by a custom character:
const queryString = require('query-string');
queryString.parse('foo[]', {arrayFormat: 'bracket-separator', arrayFormatSeparator: '|'});
//=> {foo: []}
queryString.parse('foo[]=', {arrayFormat: 'bracket-separator', arrayFormatSeparator: '|'});
//=> {foo: ['']}
queryString.parse('foo[]=1', {arrayFormat: 'bracket-separator', arrayFormatSeparator: '|'});
//=> {foo: ['1']}
queryString.parse('foo[]=1|2|3', {arrayFormat: 'bracket-separator', arrayFormatSeparator: '|'});
//=> {foo: ['1', '2', '3']}
queryString.parse('foo[]=1||3|||6', {arrayFormat: 'bracket-separator', arrayFormatSeparator: '|'});
//=> {foo: ['1', '', 3, '', '', '6']}
queryString.parse('foo[]=1|2|3&bar=fluffy&baz[]=4', {arrayFormat: 'bracket-separator', arrayFormatSeparator: '|'});
//=> {foo: ['1', '2', '3'], bar: 'fluffy', baz:['4']}
'none': Parse arrays with elements using duplicate keys:
const queryString = require('query-string');
queryString.parse('foo=1&foo=2&foo=3');
//=> {foo: ['1', '2', '3']}
arrayFormatSeparator
Type: string
Default: ','
The character used to separate array elements when using {arrayFormat: 'separator'}.
sort
Type: Function | boolean
Default: true
Supports both Function as a custom sorting function or false to disable sorting.
parseNumbers
Type: boolean
Default: false
const queryString = require('query-string');
queryString.parse('foo=1', {parseNumbers: true});
//=> {foo: 1}
Parse the value as a number type instead of string type if it's a number.
parseBooleans
Type: boolean
Default: false
const queryString = require('query-string');
queryString.parse('foo=true', {parseBooleans: true});
//=> {foo: true}
Parse the value as a boolean type instead of string type if it's a boolean.
.stringify(object, options?)
Stringify an object into a query string and sorting the keys.
options
Type: object
strict
Type: boolean
Default: true
Strictly encode URI components with strict-uri-encode. It uses encodeURIComponent if set to false. You probably don't care about this option.
encode
Type: boolean
Default: true
URL encode the keys and values.
arrayFormat
Type: string
Default: 'none'
'bracket': Serialize arrays using bracket representation:
const queryString = require('query-string');
queryString.stringify({foo: [1, 2, 3]}, {arrayFormat: 'bracket'});
//=> 'foo[]=1&foo[]=2&foo[]=3'
'index': Serialize arrays using index representation:
const queryString = require('query-string');
queryString.stringify({foo: [1, 2, 3]}, {arrayFormat: 'index'});
//=> 'foo[0]=1&foo[1]=2&foo[2]=3'
'comma': Serialize arrays by separating elements with comma:
const queryString = require('query-string');
queryString.stringify({foo: [1, 2, 3]}, {arrayFormat: 'comma'});
//=> 'foo=1,2,3'
queryString.stringify({foo: [1, null, '']}, {arrayFormat: 'comma'});
//=> 'foo=1,,'
// Note that typing information for null values is lost
// and `.parse('foo=1,,')` would return `{foo: [1, '', '']}`.
'separator': Serialize arrays by separating elements with a custom character:
const queryString = require('query-string');
queryString.stringify({foo: [1, 2, 3]}, {arrayFormat: 'separator', arrayFormatSeparator: '|'});
//=> 'foo=1|2|3'
'bracket-separator': Serialize arrays by explicitly post-fixing array names with brackets and separating elements with a custom character:
const queryString = require('query-string');
queryString.stringify({foo: []}, {arrayFormat: 'bracket-separator', arrayFormatSeparator: '|'});
//=> 'foo[]'
queryString.stringify({foo: ['']}, {arrayFormat: 'bracket-separator', arrayFormatSeparator: '|'});
//=> 'foo[]='
queryString.stringify({foo: [1]}, {arrayFormat: 'bracket-separator', arrayFormatSeparator: '|'});
//=> 'foo[]=1'
queryString.stringify({foo: [1, 2, 3]}, {arrayFormat: 'bracket-separator', arrayFormatSeparator: '|'});
//=> 'foo[]=1|2|3'
queryString.stringify({foo: [1, '', 3, null, null, 6]}, {arrayFormat: 'bracket-separator', arrayFormatSeparator: '|'});
//=> 'foo[]=1||3|||6'
queryString.stringify({foo: [1, '', 3, null, null, 6]}, {arrayFormat: 'bracket-separator', arrayFormatSeparator: '|', skipNull: true});
//=> 'foo[]=1||3|6'
queryString.stringify({foo: [1, 2, 3], bar: 'fluffy', baz: [4]}, {arrayFormat: 'bracket-separator', arrayFormatSeparator: '|'});
//=> 'foo[]=1|2|3&bar=fluffy&baz[]=4'
'none': Serialize arrays by using duplicate keys:
const queryString = require('query-string');
queryString.stringify({foo: [1, 2, 3]});
//=> 'foo=1&foo=2&foo=3'
arrayFormatSeparator
Type: string
Default: ','
The character used to separate array elements when using {arrayFormat: 'separator'}.
sort
Type: Function | boolean
Supports both Function as a custom sorting function or false to disable sorting.
const queryString = require('query-string');
const order = ['c', 'a', 'b'];
queryString.stringify({a: 1, b: 2, c: 3}, {
sort: (a, b) => order.indexOf(a) - order.indexOf(b)
});
//=> 'c=3&a=1&b=2'
const queryString = require('query-string');
queryString.stringify({b: 1, c: 2, a: 3}, {sort: false});
//=> 'b=1&c=2&a=3'
If omitted, keys are sorted using Array#sort(), which means, converting them to strings and comparing strings in Unicode code point order.
skipNull
Skip keys with null as the value.
Note that keys with undefined as the value are always skipped.
Type: boolean
Default: false
const queryString = require('query-string');
queryString.stringify({a: 1, b: undefined, c: null, d: 4}, {
skipNull: true
});
//=> 'a=1&d=4'
const queryString = require('query-string');
queryString.stringify({a: undefined, b: null}, {
skipNull: true
});
//=> ''
skipEmptyString
Skip keys with an empty string as the value.
Type: boolean
Default: false
const queryString = require('query-string');
queryString.stringify({a: 1, b: '', c: '', d: 4}, {
skipEmptyString: true
});
//=> 'a=1&d=4'
const queryString = require('query-string');
queryString.stringify({a: '', b: ''}, {
skipEmptyString: true
});
//=> ''
.extract(string)
Extract a query string from a URL that can be passed into .parse().
Note: This behaviour can be changed with the skipNull option.
.parseUrl(string, options?)
Extract the URL and the query string as an object.
Returns an object with a url and query property.
If the parseFragmentIdentifier option is true, the object will also contain a fragmentIdentifier property.
const queryString = require('query-string');
queryString.parseUrl('https://foo.bar?foo=bar');
//=> {url: 'https://foo.bar', query: {foo: 'bar'}}
queryString.parseUrl('https://foo.bar?foo=bar#xyz', {parseFragmentIdentifier: true});
//=> {url: 'https://foo.bar', query: {foo: 'bar'}, fragmentIdentifier: 'xyz'}
options
Type: object
The options are the same as for .parse().
Extra options are as below.
parseFragmentIdentifier
Parse the fragment identifier from the URL.
Type: boolean
Default: false
const queryString = require('query-string');
queryString.parseUrl('https://foo.bar?foo=bar#xyz', {parseFragmentIdentifier: true});
//=> {url: 'https://foo.bar', query: {foo: 'bar'}, fragmentIdentifier: 'xyz'}
.stringifyUrl(object, options?)
Stringify an object into a URL with a query string and sorting the keys. The inverse of .parseUrl()
The options are the same as for .stringify().
Returns a string with the URL and a query string.
Query items in the query property overrides queries in the url property.
The fragmentIdentifier property overrides the fragment identifier in the url property.
queryString.stringifyUrl({url: 'https://foo.bar', query: {foo: 'bar'}});
//=> 'https://foo.bar?foo=bar'
queryString.stringifyUrl({url: 'https://foo.bar?foo=baz', query: {foo: 'bar'}});
//=> 'https://foo.bar?foo=bar'
queryString.stringifyUrl({
url: 'https://foo.bar',
query: {
top: 'foo'
},
fragmentIdentifier: 'bar'
});
//=> 'https://foo.bar?top=foo#bar'
object
Type: object
url
Type: string
The URL to stringify.
query
Type: object
Query items to add to the URL.
.pick(url, keys, options?)
.pick(url, filter, options?)
Pick query parameters from a URL.
Returns a string with the new URL.
const queryString = require('query-string');
queryString.pick('https://foo.bar?foo=1&bar=2#hello', ['foo']);
//=> 'https://foo.bar?foo=1#hello'
queryString.pick('https://foo.bar?foo=1&bar=2#hello', (name, value) => value === 2, {parseNumbers: true});
//=> 'https://foo.bar?bar=2#hello'
.exclude(url, keys, options?)
.exclude(url, filter, options?)
Exclude query parameters from a URL.
Returns a string with the new URL.
const queryString = require('query-string');
queryString.exclude('https://foo.bar?foo=1&bar=2#hello', ['foo']);
//=> 'https://foo.bar?bar=2#hello'
queryString.exclude('https://foo.bar?foo=1&bar=2#hello', (name, value) => value === 2, {parseNumbers: true});
//=> 'https://foo.bar?foo=1#hello'
url
Type: string
The URL containing the query parameters to filter.
keys
Type: string[]
The names of the query parameters to filter based on the function used.
filter
Type: (key, value) => boolean
A filter predicate that will be provided the name of each query parameter and its value. The parseNumbers and parseBooleans options also affect value.
options
Type: object
Parse options and stringify options.
Nesting
This module intentionally doesn't support nesting as it's not spec'd and varies between implementations, which causes a lot of edge cases.
You're much better off just converting the object to a JSON string:
const queryString = require('query-string');
queryString.stringify({
foo: 'bar',
nested: JSON.stringify({
unicorn: 'cake'
})
});
//=> 'foo=bar&nested=%7B%22unicorn%22%3A%22cake%22%7D'
However, there is support for multiple instances of the same key:
const queryString = require('query-string');
queryString.parse('likes=cake&name=bob&likes=icecream');
//=> {likes: ['cake', 'icecream'], name: 'bob'}
queryString.stringify({color: ['taupe', 'chartreuse'], id: '515'});
//=> 'color=taupe&color=chartreuse&id=515'
Falsy values
Sometimes you want to unset a key, or maybe just make it present without assigning a value to it. Here is how falsy values are stringified:
const queryString = require('query-string');
queryString.stringify({foo: false});
//=> 'foo=false'
queryString.stringify({foo: null});
//=> 'foo'
queryString.stringify({foo: undefined});
//=> ''
query-string for enterprise
Available as part of the Tidelift Subscription.
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